政治取態的ETF
近年香港的顏色政治愈演愈烈,自己啱晒、對方錯晒的想法支配當中所有參與者,不論當權及民間、左與右、保守或激進,整體的政治的成熟度還是處於嬰孩階段,只會進行善惡二元的對抗爭鬥。
在於中港環境,依附政權而祈望獲得特別的經濟回報,似乎是香港大孖沙、政界人士及大陸冒險家的專長。但是,於被視為平等開放的美國,近期就有一隻新的ETF,其投資目標亦是依附政權而期望獲得特別的經濟回報。
http://www.businessinsider.com/point-bridge-gop-stock-tracker-etf-ticker-maga-2017-8
http://www.investopedia.com/news/etf-politically-inclined/
以上兩篇連結內的文章,談及了一隻新成立的ETF,全名為Point Bridge GOP Stock Tracker ETF,股票代號是MAGA,有傳是以Donald Trump競選口號Make America Great Again作為縮寫。
此MAGA ETF的投資目標,是與美國共和黨有密切關係的S&P500指數內的公司。何謂有密切關係?此ETF及其背後的特製指數是按公司向共和黨於總統及國會競選時的捐款多寡(多於25,000美元)及偏好(捐款給共和黨多於給民主黨)而決定。見下:
…to track the performance of companies whose employees and political action committees (“PACs”) are highly supportive of Republican candidates for election to the United States Congress, the Vice Presidency, or the Presidency (“Candidates”) and party-affiliated federal committees or groups that are subject to federal campaign contribution limits (e.g., Republican National Committee, Democratic National Committee, National Republican Senatorial Committee, Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee) (“Committees”).
…screened using electoral campaign contribution data from the Federal Election Commission (the “FEC”) to eliminate companies whose employees and PACs have made aggregate reported political contributions of less than $25,000 across the two most recent election cycles. Each election cycle spans two full calendar years, and the most recent election cycle ended December 31, 2016. FEC data typically includes only information pertaining to contributions from contributors who have given more than $200 to a campaign in an election cycle because smaller contributions are not required by U.S. campaign finance laws to be reported to the FEC.
Companies that satisfy the initial screening test are then ranked based on a proprietary screening process based primarily on the total net dollars and the net percentage of dollars given by a company’s employees and/or PAC to Republican Candidates and Republican Committees versus Democratic Candidates and Democratic Committees. The top 150 companies (or fewer if necessary) based on such rankings are included in the Index at the time of each reconstitution of the Index.
節錄自:
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1540305/000089418917004654/point-bridge_497k.htm
簡單來說,此MAGA ETF的投資理念,是當某一公司捐錢扶植某政治人物及黨派取得權力及地位之後,此公司便會出現比其他公司更佳的回報,產生Alpha。
其實此類ETF可以歸類成為Hedge Fund ETF(見前文),亦算是Event Driven一類,不過所關心的Event不是公司內部的特殊事件,而是外部的政治事件。
此MAGA ETF的網站資料有限,尤其看不到公司於「捐錢」與「回報」的關係,是否多捐錢就出現高回報?捐錢給落選政黨便出現虧損?有否其他學術研究文獻作佐證?是否真的適用於美國?
不過,此投資策略可能更加適用於政治的成熟度還是處於嬰孩階段的地區。此地區的議員是會或明或暗下將公共資源偏頗地分配給扶助自己當權的公司及機構,此地區的官員是會運用公共資源針對反對自己的人士及不斷進行法律訴訟。他們的靠山更是好此道者,政權(官)與公司(商)的彼此扶持合作(勾結);你當選我賺錢,是有着深遠的歷史承傳。回想中華民族初代民選國民政府內的政治及經濟人物,亦是此政企合作音樂椅遊戲的愛好者,今天我是董事長你是縣長,明天我是部長你是公司主席。
其實此類政治企業合作生態,現今於非洲、中東、南美、東歐及亞洲是常態,近年來南韓台灣的領導人下台後,便有人羅列其背後的金主。
與官商合作相反的政企分家,是一個令人十分佩服的構想。然而,近代中國於朱鎔基當政下推行政企分家一事的努力成果,眨眼於十數年後的今天便消失殆盡。現時政企不斷溝混合作才叫科學發展及有底氣,這倒退真是令人十分可惜。
Image from businessinsider.com