{"id":7163,"date":"2022-06-27T16:08:52","date_gmt":"2022-06-27T08:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mpfdiy.com\/?p=7163"},"modified":"2022-06-27T16:08:52","modified_gmt":"2022-06-27T08:08:52","slug":"%e6%8a%95%e8%b3%87%e7%9a%84%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mpfdiy.com\/2022\/06\/%e6%8a%95%e8%b3%87%e7%9a%84%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #04b2f2; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u9053\u5fb7\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u65bc\u7269\u8cea\u5916\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u81ea\u5c0f\u6642\u5019\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5df2\u7d93\u662f<strong>\u5fb7\u80b2\u4e26\u884c<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u8003\u5e7e\u591a\u6b21\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65bc\u73ed\u4e0a\u5c0d\u8001\u5e2b\u9802\u5480\uff0c\u64cd\u884c\u5dee\uff0c\u6210\u65e5\u8b1b\u5927\u8a71\uff0c\u641e\u592711\u6b72\u5973\u4ed4\u500b\u809a\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5b78\u6821\u88cf\u7684\u73ed\u9577\u53ca\u98a8\u7d00\u4e00\u5b9a\u5514\u5230\u4f60\u505a (\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5927\u904e\u5de6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bc\u985b\u5012\u5605\u6c89\u8f2a\u793e\u6703\u505a\u9818\u5c0e\u5c64)\u00a0 \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u5514\u8b1b\u793e\u6703\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u6c11\u751f\uff0c<span style=\"color: #04b2f2;\">\u9053\u5fb7\u65bc\u6295\u8cc7\u5167\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5462<\/span>\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u8cfa\u5230\u9322\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9867\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u65bc\u6295\u8cc7\u5167\u662f\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5167\u5bb9\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">1998\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u98a8\u66b4\uff0c\u7531\u57fa\u91d1\u5927\u9c77\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u570b\u5bb6\u8ca8\u5e63\u7684\u6ed9\u7387\u53ca\u80a1\u5e02\u821e\u9ad8\u5f04\u4f4e\uff0c\u96d6\u77e5\u8ca8\u5e63\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u80a1\u5e02\u5e02\u503c\u662f\u570b\u6c11\u5e7e\u4ee3\u7684\u5132\u5099\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u9000\u4f11\u4eba\u4ed5\u7684\u8001\u672c\u6240\u5728\u3002\u57fa\u91d1\u5927\u9c77\u63fe\u98df\u556b\uff0c\u99db\u5514\u99db\u8a85\u6b7b\u8cfa\u76e1\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u751f\u8def\u5230\u5514\u7559\u3002\u53c8\u4f8b\u59822003\u5e74\u6c99\u58eb\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u6a13\u50f9\u5927\u8dcc\uff0c\u6709\u6a13\u7684\u8b8a\u6210\u8ca0\u8cc7\u7522\uff0c\u4f9b\u6a13\u6b3e\u9805\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u9ad8\u904e\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u65e5\u65e5\u6371\u9eb5\u5305\u98df\u4e8c\u624b\u85af\u689d\uff0c\u6b7b\u6173\u6b7b\u62b5\u53bb\u4f9b\u6b3e\u4ffe\u9280\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u500bPK\u9280\u884c\u6536\u5230\u4f9b\u6b3e\u90fd\u8981\u593e\u4eba\u88dc\u6309\u63ed\u53ca\u6a13\u50f9\u7684\u5dee\u503c\uff0c\u88dc\u5514\u5230\u5c31\u62cd\u8ce3\u7269\u696d\uff0c\u5514\u5920\u9084\u50b5\u5c31\u6e05\u76e4\u7834\u7522\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u751f\u4e0d\u5982\u6b7b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u6295\u8cc7\u7a76\u7adf\u9700\u5514\u9700\u8981\u8b1b\u9053\u5fb7\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u4e0d\u5982\u5148\u770b\u770b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #04b2f2;\">\u9053\u5fb7\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u61c9\u8a72\u505a\u53ca\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b<\/span>\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u975e\u5fc5\u7136\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u4f8b\u5982\u843d\u96e8\u5c31\u64d4\u906e\uff0c\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u51fa\u8857\u98df\u5b8c\u98ef\u57cb\u55ae\u4ffe\u9322\uff0c\u4ea6\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u843d\u5927\u96e8\u7b49\u904e\u99ac\u8def\uff0c\u8eab\u908a\u6709\u500b\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u7121\u5e36\u906e\uff0c<span style=\"color: #04b2f2;\">\u61c9\u5514\u61c9\u8a72\u906e\u57cb\u4f62<\/span>\uff1f\u540c\u9577\u8f29\u98df\u98ef\uff0c<span style=\"color: #04b2f2;\">\u61c9\u5514\u61c9\u8a72\u4ffe\u4f62\u593e\u9938\u5148<\/span>\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u61c9\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9053\u5fb7\u6709\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f<strong><span style=\"color: #04b2f2;\">\u6548\u76ca\u8ad6<\/span><\/strong>\u53ca<strong><span style=\"color: #04b2f2;\">\u7fa9\u52d9\u8ad6<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u74b0\u5883\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u5169\u500b\u5b56\u751f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e2d\u9078\u64c7\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u5347\u5b78\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u4fbf\u8981\u51fa\u4f86\u505a\u5622\u3002\u6301\u6709\u6548\u76ca\u8ad6\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u8b80\u66f8\u6210\u7e3e\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6548\u76ca\u8ad6(consequentialism\/utilitarianism)\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u80cc\u5f8c\u662f<strong><span style=\"color: #04b2f2;\">\u5c07\u6548\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u7fa9\u52d9\u8ad6(deontological)\u7684\u6703\u5148\u8003\u616e<span style=\"color: #04b2f2;\"><strong>\u539f\u5247<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u516c\u5e73\u300d\u662f\u539f\u5247\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5169\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u8b80\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5169\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u4e0d\u8b80\uff1b\u53c8\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u70ba\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4fbf\u7531\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u9078\u64c7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c<strong>\u6548\u76ca\u8ad6<\/strong>\u662f\u8457\u91cd\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u8457\u91cd<span style=\"color: #04b2f2;\">\u5f8c\u679c<\/span>\uff0c\u7531\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u597d\u58de\u53ca\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u53bb\u505a\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6548\u76ca\u8ad6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u61c9\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u505a\uff0c\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u4e3b\u89c0\u610f\u9858\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5ba2\u89c0\u5730\u8b93\u5f8c\u679c\u53bb\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u653e\u68c4\u5343\u842c\u5e74\u85aa\u53bb\u8015\u7530\u7136\u5f8c\u7121\u5622\u98df\u9913\u6b7b\u5de6\uff0c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u540c\u6a23\u653e\u68c4\u5343\u842c\u5e74\u85aa\u7136\u5f8c\u53bb\u8015\u7530\u767c\u660e\u7a3b\u7c73\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u9020\u4ee410\u5104\u6e29\u98fd\uff0c\u5728\u6548\u76ca\u8ad6\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u6709\u5206\u5225\u7684\u3002\u7531\u7d50\u679c\u53bb\u5224\u65b7\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e0d\u7406\u662f\u9ed1\u8c93\u9084\u662f\u767d\u8c93\uff0c\u7e3d\u4e4b\u6349\u5230\u8001\u9f20\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u8c93\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u7fa9\u52d9\u8ad6<\/strong>\u662f\u4ee5\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u80cc\u5f8c<span style=\"color: #04b2f2;\">\u539f\u5247<\/span>\u70ba\u4f9d\u6b78\uff0c\u5373\u610f\u7fa9(means)\u9ad8\u65bc\u7d50\u679c(ends)\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u770b\u898b\u5b69\u7ae5\u885d\u51fa\u99ac\u8def\uff0c\u4f60\u5373\u523b\u622a\u4f4f\u62c9\u4f62\u8fd4\u8def\u908a\uff0c\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u6551\u4eba\u7372\u6253\u8cde\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u53cd\u61c9\u662f<span style=\"color: #04b2f2;\">\u6551\u4eba<\/span>\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u9053\u5fb7\u6709\u6642\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u53bb\u505a\u4e8b\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u963b\u7919\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u63f8\u8eca\u843d\u659c\u8def\u8feb\u529b\u5931\u9748\uff0c\u76f4\u53bb\u5c31\u649e<strong>\u4e00\u5806\u4eba<\/strong>\uff0c\u626d\u8eda\u5c31\u649e<strong>\u4e00\u500b\u4eba<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u600e\u6a23\u9078\u64c7\uff1f\u6309\u6548\u76ca\u8ad6\u662f\u626d\u8eda\u649e\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d\u640d\u5931\u53ca\u5f71\u97ff\u6e1b\u81f3\u6700\u5c11\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u5b55\u5a66\uff0c\u76f4\u649e\u7684\u662f\u6436\u4f60\u9322\u8ca1\u53ca\u6bba\u6bba\u4f60\u5168\u5bb6\u4e0d\u9042\u7684\u4e00\u73ed\u8870\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u76f4\u649e\u55ce\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u8fd4\u56de\u6295\u8cc7\uff0c\u6548\u76ca\u8ad6\u4fbf\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u8cc7\u7522\u4ee4\u81ea\u5df1\u56de\u5831\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u61c9\u8a72\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4e00\u9593\u516c\u53f8\u52aa\u529b\u63a2\u7d22\u592a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4f46\u8cfa\u4e0d\u5230\u9322\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u9593\u516c\u53f8\u7528\u76e1\u624b\u6bb5\u64e0\u8d70\u540c\u696d\uff0c\u8cc4\u8cc2\u653f\u5ba2\uff0c\u58d3\u8feb\u5de5\u4eba\u800c\u8cfa\u5927\u9322\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u6295\u8cc7\u65bc\u90a3\u4e00\u9593\u516c\u53f8\uff1f\u4e00\u9593\u958b\u8ced\u5834\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8207\u53ca\u4e00\u9593\u958b\u5e87\u8b77\u5de5\u5834\u7684\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u4f60\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u9078\u64c7\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u7b46\u8005\u61c9\u70ba\uff0c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u662f\u66ab\u6642\u5bc4\u5c45\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c8\u7b26\u5408\u539f\u5247\u53c8\u8cfa\u5230\u9322\u7576\u7136\u6700\u597d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5169\u5bb3\u53d6\u5176\u8f15\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8981\u52a9\u7d02\u70ba\u8650\u3002\u6cbd\u7a7a\u4e00\u9593\u505a\u5be6\u4e8b\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u800c\u8cfa\u9322\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5fcd\u4e00\u5fcd\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u9593\u6709\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8207\u5176\u65bc\u6253\u6756\u53ca\u5929\u707d\u6642\u8d81\u706b\u6253\u5227\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u53c3\u8207\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u9805\u76ee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u6295\u8cc7\u5c31\u662f\u505a\u4eba\uff0c\u505a\u4eba\u5c31\u4ee5<span style=\"color: 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14pt;\"><strong>\u9019\u500b\u662f\u5927\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u5893\u7891\uff0c\u8a34\u8aaa\u8005\u5eb7\u5fb7\u9577\u7720\u5f8c\u4ecd\u601d\u60f3\u7740\u7684\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5b58\u65bc\u5929\u5730\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5b58\u65bc\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5247\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7 &nbsp; &nbsp; 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